Course Content
KM-01: Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) Basics
This module introduces learners to the foundational concepts required to begin working with HTML programming. It covers basic computer concepts, the introduction to HTML programming, suitable Integrated Development Environments (IDEs), Git and GitHub, problem-solving in programming, the life cycle for developing a solution, and an overview of the look and feel of a website. The module builds the learner’s understanding of the fundamentals of HTML as a programming language and prepares them for more detailed HTML document structure, styling, and practical web development work in later modules.
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Lesson 1: Computers
Lesson 1 Quiz.
Lesson 2: Introduction to HTML Programming
Lesson 2 Quiz.
Lesson 3: Introduction to IDE (Integrated Development Environment)
Lesson 3 Quiz.
Lesson 4: Git and GitHub
Ledsson Quiz
Lesson 5: Problem Solving in Programming
Lesson 5 Quiz
Lesson 6: Life Cycle for Developing a Solution
Lesson 6 Quiz
Lesson 7: The Look and Feel of a Website
Lesson 7 Quiz.
Summative Assessment: KM-01 – HTML Basics
KM-02: HTML Programming Principles
This module builds on the foundational knowledge from KM-01 and focuses on the core principles of HTML programming. It introduces learners to the structure of an HTML document, including tags, elements, and attributes, and how these are used to organise and present content on web pages. The module also covers HTML data types, text formatting, tables, file and folder structures, and semantic organisation of content. In addition, learners are introduced to how web pages communicate with remote servers. By the end of this module, learners will have a solid understanding of how to create well-structured, readable, and functional HTML documents that form the backbone of web development.
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Lesson 1: Structure of an HTML Document
Lesson1 Quiz.
Lesson 2: HTML Data Types
Lesson 2 Quiz.
Lesson 3: HTML Attributes
Lesson 3 Quiz
Lesson 4: Structure of an HTML Element
Lesson 5 Quiz
Lesson 5: HTML Tags
Lesson 5 Quiz.
Lesson 6: Tables in HTML
Lesson 6 Quiz.
Lesson 7: Folders, Files and File Paths
Lesson 7 Quiz
Lesson 8: HTML Text Basics
Lesson 8 Quiz
Lesson 9: Semantics and Organisation of Content
Lesson 9 Quiz.
Lesson 10: Communicating with a Remote Server
Lesson 10 Quiz.
Summative Assignment: KM-02 – HTML Programming Principles
KM-03: HTML and Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) Styling Principles
This module introduces learners to the principles of styling web pages using Cascading Style Sheets (CSS). While HTML provides the structure of a webpage, CSS is used to control the appearance, layout, and visual presentation. Learners will develop the ability to design visually appealing and user-friendly web pages by applying styling techniques such as colours, fonts, spacing, layouts, and responsive design. The module also introduces HTML forms, which are used to collect user input and are an important part of interactive web applications. By the end of this module, learners will be able to apply CSS styling principles to improve the readability, usability, and overall user experience of web pages.
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Lesson 1: Styling HTML5 Pages
Lesson 1 Quiz
Lesson 2: CSS Basics
Lesson 2 Quiz.
Lesson 3: HTML Forms
Lesson 3 Quiz.
Summative Assessment: KM-03 – HTML and CSS Styling Principles
KM-04: HTML Intermediate Programming Functionalities
This module builds on foundational HTML knowledge and introduces learners to more advanced and interactive web development features. Learners will explore how to create dynamic and interactive web pages using HTML5 functionalities and APIs, as well as how to work with multimedia, offline capabilities, and modern web technologies. The module focuses on improving user experience and preparing learners for real-world web development environments.
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Lesson 1: Creating Interactive Webpages using HTML5 APIs
Lesson 1 Quiz.
Lesson 2: Adding Multimedia to Webpages
Lesson 2 QUiz.
Lesson 3: Offline Web Applications
Lesson 3 Quiz.
Lesson 4: Adaptive User Interfaces
Lesson 4 Quiz.
Lesson 5: WebSockets and Web Workers
Lesson 5 Quiz.
Lesson 6: Packaging and Deployment
Lesson 6 Quiz.
Lesson 7: Publishing Websites Live
Lesson 7 Quiz.
Summative Assessment: KM-04 – HTML Intermediate Programming Functionalities
PM-00: Practical Modules
Introduction to Practical Modules Practical Modules are where you will learn: -Apply what they learned in Knowledge Modules -Build real, working solutions -Demonstrate hands-on competence
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PM-01: Getting Started with Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
PM-01: Mini Practical Assessment
PM-02: Program with HTML
PM-02: Mini Practical Assessment
PM-03: Style Webpages with HTML and Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)
PM-03: Mini Practical Assessment
PM-04: Use Intermediate HTML Programming Functionalities
PM-04: Mini Practical Assessment
PM-05: Apply Advanced Graphics, Animation and Styling
PM-05: Mini Practical Assessment
PM-06: Projects with HTML
Final Project: Website Development
WM-01: Workplace Module
Introduction to Workplace Modules Workplace Modules are designed to ensure that learners: -Apply their skills in a real or simulated work environment -Demonstrate industry readiness -Perform tasks aligned with real job roles
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WM-01: Apply Web Development Skills in a Workplace Environment
HTML Programmer

Lesson Outcomes

After completing this lesson, learners will be able to:

  • Explain what a remote server is.
  • Describe how web browsers communicate with servers.
  • Understand the role of HTTP and HTTPS.
  • Identify how web pages are requested and delivered.
  • Explain the basics of client-server communication.

Overview

Websites do not exist on your computer — they are stored on remote servers. When you access a website, your browser communicates with a server to request and display content.

Understanding how this communication works is important because it helps learners:

  • Understand how websites are loaded
  • Troubleshoot issues
  • Build web applications

This process is known as client-server communication.

1. What is a Remote Server?

A remote server is a computer that stores websites and makes them available over the internet.

It:

  • Stores web files (HTML, CSS, images)
  • Processes requests from users
  • Sends data back to browsers

Examples of servers include:

  • Web hosting servers
  • Cloud servers
  • Application servers

2. Client-Server Communication

Web communication works between two main components:

2.1 Client

The client is the user’s device or browser.

Examples:

  • Google Chrome
  • Microsoft Edge
  • Mozilla Firefox

The client is responsible for:

  • Sending requests
  • Displaying web pages

2.2 Server

The server is responsible for:

  • Receiving requests
  • Processing them
  • Sending responses

How Communication Works

  1. The user enters a website URL
  2. The browser sends a request to the server
  3. The server processes the request
  4. The server sends back the webpage
  5. The browser displays the content

3. HTTP and HTTPS

Communication between the client and server uses protocols.

3.1 HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)

  • Standard protocol for web communication
  • Transfers data between client and server

3.2 HTTPS (Secure HTTP)

  • Secure version of HTTP
  • Encrypts data
  • Protects sensitive information

Key Difference

  • HTTP → Not secure
  • HTTPS → Secure and encrypted

4. Request and Response Process

Communication between client and server follows a request-response model.

4.1 Request

The client sends a request to the server.

Examples:

  • Requesting a web page
  • Requesting an image

4.2 Response

The server sends a response back to the client.

This may include:

  • HTML files
  • Images
  • Data

5. Role of URLs

A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is the address of a web resource.

Example:

 
https://www.example.com
 

A URL helps:

  • Locate resources on a server
  • Send requests to the correct location

6. Importance of Server Communication

Understanding server communication helps learners:

  • Understand how websites work
  • Debug loading issues
  • Build dynamic web applications
  • Work with APIs and backend systems

Key Notes

  • A remote server stores and delivers web content.
  • A client (browser) requests data from a server.
  • Communication happens through HTTP or HTTPS.
  • HTTPS provides secure communication.
  • The request-response model is used to exchange data.
  • URLs identify resources on a server.
  • Understanding this process is important for web development.
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