Lesson Outcomes

Learners will be able to:

  • Define computer and network security threats

  • Explain how malware works

  • Identify different types of malware attacks

Overview

Cyber threats refer to malicious activities designed to damage computer systems, steal information, or disrupt services. These threats are often carried out by cybercriminals using specialized software and techniques.

One of the most common types of cyber threats is malware.

What is Malware?

Malware is malicious software designed to damage systems, steal data, or gain unauthorized access to computers.

Examples include:

  • Viruses

  • Worms

  • Trojan horses

  • Spyware

  • Adware

  • Ransomware

Types of Malware

Virus
A virus attaches itself to legitimate software and spreads when the program runs.

Worm
A worm spreads automatically across networks without human interaction.

Trojan
A trojan disguises itself as legitimate software to trick users into installing it.

Advanced Malware Attacks

Other dangerous malware include:

Spyware
Monitors user activity and collects sensitive information.

Ransomware
Encrypts files and demands payment for access.

Adware
Displays unwanted advertisements and may install malicious programs.

Rootkits
Provide attackers with remote control over a computer system.

Key Notes

  • Malware is one of the most common cybersecurity threats.

  • Malware can steal data, spy on users, or disrupt computer systems.

  • Organizations must implement layered security to detect and remove malware.

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